The Complete Guide to UK Schools: Private vs State Schools

Choosing the right school for your child can feel like navigating a maze. With terms like private schools, public schools, independent schools, and state schools, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed.

In truth, the terminology for various fee-paying and non-fee-paying schools in the UK can be a little confusing. And that’s before you even start considering which of these schools could be best for your child.

To add to this, some parts of the UK still have the 11-plus exam and grammar schools, making things even more confusing.

Luckily, we’re here to help make choosing the right school easier with this comprehensive guide to state vs private schools in the UK. This guide will break down each type's key differences, benefits, and drawbacks, giving you the clarity you need to choose the best educational path for your child.

By the end, you’ll be able to clearly understand the UK education system and be better equipped to make the right choice for your child's future.

Let’s dive in…

What are state schools?

State schools do not charge fees and are funded by the local authority or the government. All children in the UK aged five to 16 are entitled to a free place at a state school. 

Interestingly, "public schools" often refer to private schools in the UK. This can confuse newcomers, so clarify which type of school you mean.

The most common state schools are:

• Community Schools, also known as local authority-maintained schools, are not influenced by business or religious groups and follow the national curriculum.

• Foundation and Voluntary Schools: Funded by the local authority but have more freedom in their operations. Sometimes supported by religious groups.

• Academies and Free Schools: These are run by not-for-profit academy trusts, independent of the local authority. They have more flexibility in operating and can follow a different curriculum.

• Grammar Schools: Can be run by the local authority, a foundation body, or an academy trust. They select students based on academic ability and have an entrance test like the 11-plus exams. 
  

What are private/independent schools?

While state schools are funded by the Department for Education, independent schools are funded by the student's parents and guardians. Fees at independent schools can range from relatively low to over £40,000 per term.

Since independent schools are funded by parents, they can provide more resources per student. This often results in a wider range of extracurricular activities, increased support, smaller class sizes, and personalised teaching.

Independent schools do not have to follow the National Curriculum, such as academies and free schools. Although students take the same exams as state schools, independent schools have the freedom to teach in their own way, overseen by a regulatory board to ensure high teaching standards.

Many independent schools offer boarding facilities, making them a viable option for international students. These schools provide care for students, allowing children worldwide to attend if they can afford it.

Students at independent schools generally achieve higher GCSE and A-level results. However, research suggests that funding may not be the only reason for these higher results.

What are the types of independent schools

Public Schools

"Public school" is an older term for independent schools. 

Originally, it referred to a few exclusive schools that became independent from the government, such as Eton and Winchester. Today, "public schools" and "independent schools" are used interchangeably.

Private Schools

Most people think of private schools as independent schools. These schools charge tuition fees, but many offer scholarships for gifted students in sports, music, or academics to help make costs more affordable.

Some private schools follow the state school system, while others have a different structure. Instead of having a primary school (ages 4 to 11) and a secondary school (ages 11 to 16, or 18/19 with a sixth form), they may have a pre-preparatory school and a preparatory school (ages 4 to 11 or 13), followed by an independent secondary school (ages 11 or 13 to 18).

A few independent schools, especially in and around London, are selective and accept students based on the 11-plus or the 13-plus exams.

What are special schools?

While many state and independent schools have special educational facilities, some children may need more specialised care for the best education. Special schools, which can be state-funded, partially state-funded, or independent, may be more suitable in these cases.

Deciding between mainstream education and a special school for your child can be tough. To make an informed choice, learn about the types of special schools, their differences, and whether they might be the right fit for your child.

What is a grammar school?

Grammar schools are selective state-funded schools in the UK that admit students based on entrance exam results. They are known for their academic rigour and focus on traditional subjects like English, Mathematics, and Science. These schools aim to provide high-quality education to academically gifted students, preparing them for higher education and successful careers.

The curriculum at grammar schools challenges students intellectually, helping them to develop critical thinking and analytical skills. Graduates often go on to attend prestigious universities and pursue successful careers in various fields.

Related: The Top-Rated Grammar Schools in the UK for 2024

Comparing schools in the UK

The main difference between state and private schools in the UK is the fees parents must pay. On average, private school costs £14,940 per year.

These fees often result in smaller class sizes, teaching independence, and extra educational preparation. Consequently, students in private schools often excel at GCSE and A-level exams. However, not all private schools are academic powerhouses, and many state schools also perform very well in exam league tables.

There is evidence suggesting that investing in private schools may not be as beneficial as previously thought. The debate between state and independent schools often ignores the impact of private tutoring. 

Many independent school students receive extensive tutoring, while most state-educated children do not.

Supplementing Your Child’s Education with Private Tutoring

Comparing schools in the UK can be difficult due to many factors, but the positive effect of extra tuition is undeniable.

Private tuition may offer a better return on investment than a fully private education. Group tuition facilitates peer-to-peer learning and provides personalized tutor guidance. Online tuition also grants access to top tutors, regardless of location.

For more information on how MyEdSpace can support your child’s education, feel free to reach out to us today by clicking on the image below!

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the difference between private and public schools in the UK? 

"Public school" is an older term for independent schools. Today, "public schools" and "independent schools" are used interchangeably, and both are private schools that charge tuition fees. 

Is it better to go to a private school in the UK? 

Private schools generally achieve better academic results, but this might be because they select students based on academic performance, not necessarily because the teaching is better.

Can a foreign child go to public school in the UK? 

Yes, foreign children, including refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants, have the same right to free education as UK children. Private schools, however, require payment of fees.

How much does private school cost in the UK? 

Private school fees vary, but the average cost per term is £6,944 for day pupils and £12,344 for boarders. Costs can vary by region.

Is grammar school free in the UK? 

Yes, most grammar schools are free because they are state-funded. However, if they offer boarding facilities and use entrance exams for admission, they may charge fees for boarding.

What is the difference between a grammar school and a public school in the UK? 

Grammar schools are state-funded and select students based on academic performance. Public schools, which are actually private and fee-paying, historically catered to older boys and now serve a broader student population.

Are private schools better than public schools in the UK? 

Not necessarily. It depends on the quality of the individual school, whether private or state.