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GCSE Biology Notes
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GCSE Biology
AQA
AQA
Module 1: Cell Biology
1.1 Cell structure
Animal cell structure
Plant cell structure
Bacterial cell structure
Understanding scale and size of cells
Required practical - using a light microscope and doing a biological drawing
Specialised animal cells
Specialised plant cells
Light microscopes and electron microscopes
Calculations of magnification, real size and image size
Triple Science Only - Culturing Microorganisms
Triple Science Only - Required Practical - bacterial growth on agar plates
1.2 Cell division
Chromosomes
Mitosis and the cell cycle
Stem cells including embryonic, adult and meristem tissues in plants
Using stem cells in medical treatments and therapeutic cloning
1.3 Transport in cells
Diffusion and factors that affect the rate of diffusion
Calculating surface area to volume ratio
Gas exchange in the alveoli
Gas exchange in fish gills
Gas exchange in a leaf
Absorption in the small intestine
How roots are adapted for water and mineral ion uptake
Osmosis
Required practical - Osmosis and the effect of solution concentration on plant tissue
Active transport
Module 3: Infection and response
3.1 Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases and types of pathogen
Viral diseases - measles, HIV and TMV
Bacterial diseases - salmonella and gonorrhoea
Fungal diseases - athletes foot and rose black spot
Protist diseases - malaria
Non-specific defense systems
The immune response
Vaccination
Antibiotics and painkillers
Discovery and development of drugs
3.2 Triple Science Only - Monoclonal antibodies (Higher Tier)
Triple Science Only - Producing monoclonal antibodies (Higher Tier)
Triple Science Only - Uses of monoclonal antibodies (Higher Tier)
3.3 Triple Science Only - Plant disease
Triple Science Only - Plant disease
Triple Science Only - Plant defence responses
Module 5: Homeostasis and response
5.1 Homeostasis
Homeostasis and negative feedback
5.2 The human nervous system
Reflex actions
Required practical - Reaction time
Triple Science Only - The Brain
Triple Science Only - The Eye
Triple Science Only - Controlling body temperature
Triple Science Only - Maintaining water and nitrogen balance
Triple Science Only - ADH and the kidney (Higher Tier)
Triple Science Only - Kidney transplants and kidney dialysis
5.3 Hormonal coordination in humans
The endocrine system
Comparing the nervous system with the endocrine system
Blood glucose regulation
Diabetes
Hormones in human reproduction - the menstrual cycle
Contraception
Hormones to treat infertility and IVF (Higher Tier)
Adrenaline and thyroxine (Higher Tier)
5.4 Triple Science Only - Plant hormones
Triple Science Only - Plant hormones- tropisms
Triple Science Only - Required practical- tropisms
Triple Science Only - Other plant hormones and their uses (Higher Tier)
Module 7: Ecology
7.1 Adaptations, interdependence and competition
Ecosystem key terms and competition
Abiotic and biotic factors
Adaptations
Food chains and webs
Predator and prey cycles
Using quadrats to estimate population size and using transects to investigate distribution
Required practical - Sampling to measure population size and the effect of a factor on distribution
7.2 Organisation of an ecosystem
The carbon cyle
The water cycle
Triple Science Only - Decomposition
Triple Science Only - Required practical- rate of decay
Biodiversity and maintaining biodiversity
Waste management
Destruction of peat bogs
Deforestation
Global warming
7.4 Triple Science Only - Trophic levels in an ecosystem
Triple Science Only - Trophic levels and pyramids of biomass
Triple Science Only - Transfer of biomass
7.5 Triple Science Only - Food production
Triple Science Only - Food security- including farming techniques and sustainable fisheries
Triple Science Only - The role of biotechnology
Module 2: Organisation
2.1 Principles of organisation
Principles of organisation
2.2 Animal tissues, organs and organ systems
The digestive system overview
Enzymes - lock and key model
Factors that affect enzymes
Enzymes in digestion
The role of bile in lipid digestion
Required practical - Biochemical tests
Required practical - The effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction
The structure of the lungs and mechanism of breathing
The circulatory system
The structure of the heart
Blood vessel structure and function
The blood
Cardiovascular disease and treatments
Risk factors for non-communicable diseases
Cancer
2.3 Plant tissues, organs and systems
Tissues in a leaf
The xylem and the transpiration stream
Factors that affect the rate of transpiration
The potometer and measuring rate of transpiration
The phloem and translocation
Module 4: Bioenergetics
4.1 Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
Required practical - The effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
Uses of glucose from photosynthesis
Starch testing in leaves
4.2 Respiration
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
The response to exercise
Metabolism
Module 6: Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
6.1 Reproduction
Sexual and asexual reproduction
Triple Science Only - Advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction
Meiosis
DNA and the genome
Triple Science Only - DNA structure
Triple Science Only - Protein Synthesis (Higher Tier)
Key terms in inheritance
Genetic crosses with punnett squares
Inherited disorders - cystic fibrosis and polydactyly
Sex determination
6.2 Variation and evolution
Variation and mutations
Evolution and Natural selection
Selective breeding
Genetic engineering - bacterial cells to produce insulin
Genetic engineering in plant crops
Triple Science Only - Plant cloning
Triple Science Only - Animal cloning
6.3 The development of understanding of genetics and evolution
Triple Science Only - Other theories about evolution (Darwin vs. Lamarck)
Triple Science Only - Speciation
Fossils
Extinction
Resistant bacteria and MRSA
6.4 Classification of living organisms
Classification of living organisms and the binomial system
The three domain system
Interpreting evolutionary trees
Exam Skills
Planning an investigation
Working with data- decimal places, significant figures and standard form
Equations needed for GCSE Biology
Unit conversions and orders of magnitude
Mean, Median and Mode
Calculating percentages and percentage change
Drawing tables and plotting graphs
Calculating the gradient of a graph
Command words
Module 1: Cell Biology
1.1 Cell structure
Animal cell structure
Plant cell structure
Bacterial cell structure
Understanding scale and size of cells
Required practical - using a light microscope and doing a biological drawing
Specialised animal cells
Specialised plant cells
Light microscopes and electron microscopes
Calculations of magnification, real size and image size
Triple Science Only - Culturing Microorganisms
Triple Science Only - Required Practical - bacterial growth on agar plates
1.2 Cell division
Chromosomes
Mitosis and the cell cycle
Stem cells including embryonic, adult and meristem tissues in plants
Using stem cells in medical treatments and therapeutic cloning
1.3 Transport in cells
Diffusion and factors that affect the rate of diffusion
Calculating surface area to volume ratio
Gas exchange in the alveoli
Gas exchange in fish gills
Gas exchange in a leaf
Absorption in the small intestine
How roots are adapted for water and mineral ion uptake
Osmosis
Required practical - Osmosis and the effect of solution concentration on plant tissue
Active transport
Module 2: Organisation
2.1 Principles of organisation
Principles of organisation
2.2 Animal tissues, organs and organ systems
The digestive system overview
Enzymes - lock and key model
Factors that affect enzymes
Enzymes in digestion
The role of bile in lipid digestion
Required practical - Biochemical tests
Required practical - The effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction
The structure of the lungs and mechanism of breathing
The circulatory system
The structure of the heart
Blood vessel structure and function
The blood
Cardiovascular disease and treatments
Risk factors for non-communicable diseases
Cancer
2.3 Plant tissues, organs and systems
Tissues in a leaf
The xylem and the transpiration stream
Factors that affect the rate of transpiration
The potometer and measuring rate of transpiration
The phloem and translocation
Module 3: Infection and response
3.1 Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases and types of pathogen
Viral diseases - measles, HIV and TMV
Bacterial diseases - salmonella and gonorrhoea
Fungal diseases - athletes foot and rose black spot
Protist diseases - malaria
Non-specific defense systems
The immune response
Vaccination
Antibiotics and painkillers
Discovery and development of drugs
3.2 Triple Science Only - Monoclonal antibodies (Higher Tier)
Triple Science Only - Producing monoclonal antibodies (Higher Tier)
Triple Science Only - Uses of monoclonal antibodies (Higher Tier)
3.3 Triple Science Only - Plant disease
Triple Science Only - Plant disease
Triple Science Only - Plant defence responses
Module 4: Bioenergetics
4.1 Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
Required practical - The effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
Uses of glucose from photosynthesis
Starch testing in leaves
4.2 Respiration
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
The response to exercise
Metabolism
Module 5: Homeostasis and response
5.1 Homeostasis
Homeostasis and negative feedback
5.2 The human nervous system
Reflex actions
Required practical - Reaction time
Triple Science Only - The Brain
Triple Science Only - The Eye
Triple Science Only - Controlling body temperature
Triple Science Only - Maintaining water and nitrogen balance
Triple Science Only - ADH and the kidney (Higher Tier)
Triple Science Only - Kidney transplants and kidney dialysis
5.3 Hormonal coordination in humans
The endocrine system
Comparing the nervous system with the endocrine system
Blood glucose regulation
Diabetes
Hormones in human reproduction - the menstrual cycle
Contraception
Hormones to treat infertility and IVF (Higher Tier)
Adrenaline and thyroxine (Higher Tier)
5.4 Triple Science Only - Plant hormones
Triple Science Only - Plant hormones- tropisms
Triple Science Only - Required practical- tropisms
Triple Science Only - Other plant hormones and their uses (Higher Tier)
Module 6: Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
6.1 Reproduction
Sexual and asexual reproduction
Triple Science Only - Advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction
Meiosis
DNA and the genome
Triple Science Only - DNA structure
Triple Science Only - Protein Synthesis (Higher Tier)
Key terms in inheritance
Genetic crosses with punnett squares
Inherited disorders - cystic fibrosis and polydactyly
Sex determination
6.2 Variation and evolution
Variation and mutations
Evolution and Natural selection
Selective breeding
Genetic engineering - bacterial cells to produce insulin
Genetic engineering in plant crops
Triple Science Only - Plant cloning
Triple Science Only - Animal cloning
6.3 The development of understanding of genetics and evolution
Triple Science Only - Other theories about evolution (Darwin vs. Lamarck)
Triple Science Only - Speciation
Fossils
Extinction
Resistant bacteria and MRSA
6.4 Classification of living organisms
Classification of living organisms and the binomial system
The three domain system
Interpreting evolutionary trees
Module 7: Ecology
7.1 Adaptations, interdependence and competition
Ecosystem key terms and competition
Abiotic and biotic factors
Adaptations
Food chains and webs
Predator and prey cycles
Using quadrats to estimate population size and using transects to investigate distribution
Required practical - Sampling to measure population size and the effect of a factor on distribution
7.2 Organisation of an ecosystem
The carbon cyle
The water cycle
Triple Science Only - Decomposition
Triple Science Only - Required practical- rate of decay
Biodiversity and maintaining biodiversity
Waste management
Destruction of peat bogs
Deforestation
Global warming
7.4 Triple Science Only - Trophic levels in an ecosystem
Triple Science Only - Trophic levels and pyramids of biomass
Triple Science Only - Transfer of biomass
7.5 Triple Science Only - Food production
Triple Science Only - Food security- including farming techniques and sustainable fisheries
Triple Science Only - The role of biotechnology
Exam Skills
Planning an investigation
Working with data- decimal places, significant figures and standard form
Equations needed for GCSE Biology
Unit conversions and orders of magnitude
Mean, Median and Mode
Calculating percentages and percentage change
Drawing tables and plotting graphs
Calculating the gradient of a graph
Command words
Our Head of Biology
@LauraDoesBiology
17 years of teaching
10 years as a leading examiner
Our Head of Biology
@LauraDoesBiology
17 years of teaching
10 years as a leading examiner