In this module you will cover:

• Genetic information and protein synthesis: A gene is a segment of DNA situated at a specific position on a DNA molecule, known as its locus. The sequence of bases within a gene encodes genetic information, which dictates the arrangement of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code is universal across all organisms, serving as indirect evidence for evolution.
• Variation: Variations among individuals of the same species may result from genetic influences, environmental factors, or a combination of both. Genetic diversity within a species can arise due to gene mutations, chromosomal mutations, or random events associated with meiosis and fertilisation. Genetic differences account for the distinctions between species. 
• Natural selection: Natural selection acts upon this genetic variation, driving species to become more adapted to their environment.
• Studying variation to analyse relationships between organisms: Variation within a species can be assessed by examining differences in DNA base sequences or variations in protein amino acid sequences. Studying these differences can help us to classify living things and establish their evolutionary origins.
• Biodiversity: Biodiversity is evident in the vast number of different species and the variation in individual traits within a species. Biodiversity within a community can be quantified through species richness and an index of diversity.